Ford Motor Company: Supply Chain Strategy Case

Ford Motor Company, incorporated in 190 by Mr. Henry Ford, is one of the largest vehicle markers in the world today. This company employees more than 360,000 employees and has produced more than 260 million vehicles over its history. Since the 1970s, the auto industry has evolved from an industry with only a few large companies to one in which competition has become tough. Instead of two main competitors, Ford now faces foreign automakers in the marketplace. With the increased competition, car dealers are seeing more cars sit on lots for a longer period of time and are now offering a variety of incentives to get people to buy these products. Diagnosis In 1995, the CEO of Ford established an initiative called Ford 2000 in an effort to reduce costs and become more market competitive. This new initiative encompassed all of Ford's activities, such as product development, manufacture and marketing. Most of these projects were based around IT improvements. These improvements were done as an effort to bring Ford closer to all aspects of their supply chain, from their supplier to their customers. In 1998, Ford also opened the first of its Ford Retail Networks. This project was started to help the dealers compete with the real competition, such as GM and Chrysler instead of each other. It also brought Ford closer to the end customer. This Ford 2000 project was a major undertaking, but what is helping the company as a whole? Well, in 1998, the Ford 2000 initiative had raised Ford's profits, return on sales, and had made the company the industry leader in profit per vehicle. Ford had been named the most improved automaker in 1997 by JD Power Initial Quality Study and had become the world leader in trucks. They were making progress, but where still burdened with large inventories. Ford's Director of Supply Chain Systems began to research what Ford could do to decrease these inventories to become the industry leader and to increase shareholder wealth. She did some research into Dell Computers. This company was enjoying 55% per year growth at the time that Ford's growth was steady at about 6% a year. They were also seeing a 133% growth of their stocks while Ford was seeing at 33.4% growth. Dell had adopted a virtual integration business model. Within this model Dell uses the Internet for almost all business activities. Customers place an order specifying exactly what they want. This can be done over the Internet or over the phone. Dell then places an order for the components of this machine over an Internet based JIT ordering system. The parts are received assembled and shipped to the customer within 5-6 days. After much research, the director tried to determined if this same system could be used for Ford Motor Company. Analysis The Director found that there would be several challenges if they were going to implement this type of virtual integration system. First, Ford Motor Company is more than 100 years old whereas Dell was opened in 1984. Since the company is so old and has been doing business the same way for a long period of time, it will be harder to implement a large change such as virtual integration. For example, Ford's procurement process is not where it needs to be if the company is going to virtually integrate. Ford currently has a very large number of suppliers. Procurement personnel are highly involved with every aspect of the supplier relationship, while Dell uses a JIT ordering system. Ford's manual process is more apt to errors than an electronic process would be, but the procurement department has been so powerful for so long that it may be hard to convince those working in this department that this change will be beneficial. The implementation of an electronic ordering system could put some of these employees out of a job. These employees are also choosing suppliers on the basis of cost only. If Ford was going to implement a virtual integration system, procurement professionals would have to take other aspects into account, such as delivery time and willingness to partner. If Ford was going to implement an electronic system for ordering, they would also face some challenges while establishing Internet links with their suppliers. First, they would have to choose whom they would want to partner with in this fashion. Then they would have to determine if these suppliers have information technology systems that would support an Internet based communication system. Currently Ford has started to develop this type of system with their â€Å"tier one† suppliers who are their most advanced and largest suppliers. If they were to extend the electronic ordering to other suppliers who did not have the technology to support this type of system, Ford would be forced to decide if they would want to help their suppliers develop or acquire the technology needed for this interaction. Other issues such as what type of information would be shared and the security system they would use to make sure only those with the need to know would have access to this information would have to be addressed as well. Another challenge Ford Motor Company would face when trying to implement a virtual integration model like Dells is there are some major differences between the computer and automotive industries. An automobile is a more complex product and includes many more parts than a computer. If Ford were going to implement a virtual integration model they would have to manage a larger number of component parts suppliers than Dell is managing, which would add costs. Ford, if moving towards virtual integration, must also address their network of privately owned dealerships. Dell's model of virtual integration includes no dealers or retailers. If Ford were to adopt complete virtual integration, they would technically not have dealers. Having no dealers would not be possible for Ford. These dealerships are franchises that are owned legally by individuals. Also a person that is going to buy a car may not be receptive to ordering one off the Internet. Most people test-drive an automobile before they buy, which could not be done if cars were ordered strictly from the manufacturer. If Ford did not offer test-drives and other companies such as GM did, Ford would have a large disadvantage. Conclusion In order to implement the type of virtual integration model that Dell currently employs, Ford would have to overcome some obstacles. These obstacles come from every aspect of their current supply chain. They would have to partner with suppliers and provide these suppliers the infrastructure and training they would need in order to communicate over the Internet. They would also have to change the way their dealers worked with customers. Since most customers would not accept buying a car directly off the Internet, Ford would have to implement other methods of changing this aspect of their supply chain. Recommendations Although there are several differences between Ford and Dell, I do recommend that Ford implement some of Dell's virtual integration model. I recommend that they set-up an extranet, or extend their current system so that they may use JIT ordering with their suppliers. They could use some sort of incentive plan to encourage their supplier to invest in their technology systems so that they would be able to use this extranet for accepting orders. The amount of money Ford would save from the direct link they would have to their suppliers should supplement the investment they would have to make in developing an extranet. I also recommend that Ford make some changes in the way they interact with their customers. Ford could set-up some type of virtual showroom. This may encourage more customers to order direct from Ford instead of going to a dealer. They could also create an intranet, or enhance their current intranet, in which dealers could check the stock of other dealers for the vehicle a customer is looking for. If they could have this vehicle shipped from one dealer to the other it would not only reduce dealer inventory, but would also please the customer since the lead-time for them receiving their new vehicle would be reduced. Although Ford may never be able to virtually integrate to the extent that Dell has, the company will be able to see cost savings from their integration efforts. Ford should be able to reduce dealer inventories and should be able to move towards a pull strategy of manufacture if they implement these changes.

A history of Latin America Essay

It was during the European colonial expansion that Brazil fell under Portugal as a colony. Colonization in Brazil spanned the period between 1500 to year 1815. Portugal was interested in Brazil for a number of reasons that included the hope of getting minerals, raw materials as well as slave trade and labor to among other interests. The colonization of Brazil had some effect on the native way of life, with most of these effects having had a lasting effect to date. It’s worth noting that from the history of Brazil, France also had an interest in Brazil but could not stand up to Portugal which had taken the control of this part of the world through the signing of a treaty. The Portugal king known as king Manuel 1 who was reigning then wanted the colony to be ruled under a system of 15 hereditary captaincies- a fit that failed to work due to large-scale failure. The system gave way to royal enterprise in 1549. The following essay describes the causes and the effects of the Portuguese colonialism in Brazil. Causes of colonialism There are a number of things that preceded the Portuguese entry into and colonization of Brazil. Following the signing of the treaty of Tordelsillas in the year 1494 that facilitated the division of the world between Spain and Portugal, all land falling to the east was taken up by Portugal while Spain took up the land on the western side. In the year 1500, a navigator, Captain Pedro Alvares Cabral in charge of a fleet of 13 ships trailing the route taken by Vasco da Gama to India, landed in Brazil. He possessed this land for king Manuel 1 as an overseas colonial land for Portugal. His possession of the land made it a colonial land for Portugal (Sweet 2007p233). The Portuguese expressed their interest in Brazil due to the presence of raw materials that proved to be valuable for Portugal. One of the raw materials that Portugal got from Brazil includes the Brazilwood tree from which dark wood and red dye could be extracted. The Brazilwood was readily available in the Brazilian rainforest where it grew naturally. The red dye was exported to Europe where it was useful in staining luxurious textile for trading. The dark wood was sought for commercial purposes as well- specifically for sale within the European markets. The Portugal colonial system was also interested in growing sugar cane from Brazil for use in making of wine and for exporting to Portugal. An interest in other agricultural products of the nature of cash crops also interested the Portugal royal government that was reigning under the king Manuel 1 to take up Brazil as a colony. The cash crops drawn from Brazil included cotton and tobacco. These two cash crops were exported to Europe for sale in the European market. Portugal was interested in Brazil due to the prospect of getting slaves for labor and trade. The plantations in Europe required free labor that slaves could provide. Portugal marked Brazil as a potential area where for getting slaves for their plantations in Europe or for trading them. Even though the Portugal authorities had managed to transact some of the slaves with a Brazilian origin, the coming of the Jesuits in Brazil greatly led to the fall of the trade since they were opposed to the trade. This forced the Portugal authorities to embark on importing slaves from West Africa. At the same time, labor was greatly needed in the sugar plantations in Brazil. The natives provided this labor in exchange of scissors, axes, mirrors and knives while some were captured and forced to provide the labor as slaves (Morris 2006p34). Another reason why Portuguese had an interest in Brazil was because they were hoping to get minerals that they could use for their industries in Portugal or sell them in the European market. Though initially no minerals were found, some deposits of gold and later diamonds were found in the 18th century in the interior of Brazil by the bandeirantes. The area where gold deposits were found is known as the Minas Gerais mines. Deposits of diamond were found in 1729 in a village known as the Tujico village- the present day Diamantina. The French had expressed an interest n the land of Brazil as it was attracted to the Brazilwood and the prospect of mining some minerals from the land. This forced Portuguese to take up the land for establishing colonial rule in it before the French powers could take it over. Even though Portuguese had already possessed the land of Brazil, the heavy presence of the French military along the cost of Brazil forced the Portuguese to set the colonial powers and use military power to evacuate the French from the Brazilian coast (Leftwich 1999p156). Effects of Portuguese colonialism in Brazil The presence of the Portuguese colonial power in Brazil affected a number of the native life of the people in Brazil. Colonialism led to the widespread and adoption of the catholic faith in worship. This was a result of the coming of the Jesuits, who were led by the first governor, Tome de Sousa. The Jesuits made a great representation of the religious enterprise, setting missions within Brazil and actively converting the natives into the catholic faith. Another consequence of the Portuguese colonial powers in Brazil is the death of a great number of people due to wars that pervaded the colony. The natives were opposed to the colonial powers and therefore staged resistances that led to the death of many natives. An example of the native revolts is the Guarani war of the year 1756 where the native were fighting the Portuguese authorities as a protest against slave trade. The native guaranis were assisted by the Jesuits who also opposed slave trade and labor (Chasteen 2001 p251). The colonial era in Brazil also played a great role in the proliferation of the people of the African origin in Brazil. Since Brazil drew a lot of slaves from the West African region to work within the plantations in Brazil, a very large number of Africans settled within the Brazilian land after the slave trade was abolished since they had no way of going back to Africa even when they were set free (Freyre 2008 p458). There was a proliferation of infectious diseases that were brought by the colonialist from Europe to Brazil. The natives had no natural immunity against these diseases and this led to the death of a great number of natives from these foreign diseases. The colonial powers also led to the embrace of the sugar cane growing in agricultural sector for export. Since sugar cane had such a high demand within the European market, the expansion of the sugar cane sector drew great profits. This sector however received a blow and fell once the Dutch and the French started cultivating and exporting sugarcane to the European market. Since Antilles- the area where Dutch and the French produced the sugar was much closer to Europe, the sugar prices fell drastically towards the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century during which time the sugar industry on Brazil fell. The colonial powers within Brazil also led to the founding of the Rio de Janeiro city in the year 1565 by the governor general Estacio de Sa’. He established Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in the year 1763 from Salvador. At the same time, a number of changes took place with the cities in Brazil. The estados – states- in Brazil had been divided and separated so that they were headed by the city council prior to the year 1763. The city councils were composed of top figures within the Brazilian land including the merchants, land owners and business men. Since Brazil was to big to be administered by the royal government, there arose a need to divide this area into smaller estates. The states of Brasil, Maranhao, and Grao-para were unified into Brazilian viceroyalty in the year 1763 and Rio de Janeiro was set as the capital of these cities. This helped to destroy the divisions that were created in the early days of the colonial invasion (Freyre 2008 p457). There was the creation of a number of towns in south Brazil. Some of the towns created include Colonia de Sacramento, Alores islands, and Porto Alegre among other towns. As essay shows, there are a number of major changes that took place with the expansion of the Portuguese power in Brazil. The native Brazilians abandoned their cultural way of life and adopted the life that the Portuguese were living in terms of dress code, food eaten, and the religion adopted (Keller 2006p517). Conclusion Expansion of the European powers into the rest of the world during the colonial era led to major changes and experiences into the areas that these countries set their colonial power. In the case of Brazil, changes that took place were experienced over the whole range of the living including their social living, political life and religion among other areas. The effect of the colonial powers is still felt in Brazil to the present day. References Chasteen J (2001) Born in blood and fire: a concise history of Latin America, Norton p251 Freyre G (2008) The masters and the slaves (Casa-grande & senzala) Brazilian civilization, University of Texas p457, 458 Keller (2006) Colonization study, founding of new societies. Ginn & Company p517 Leftwich A (1999) Redefining politics; populace, property, and power, Taylor & Francis p156 Morris H (2006) History of Colonialism from the Earliest Times Present Day, University of Michigan p34 Sweet W (2007) A history of Latin America. The Abingdon Press p233

Managing cultural diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing cultural diversity - Essay Example nomic growth for any organisation and this in turn results to an organisation achieving its set targets and objectives (Leaderbrighton-hove.org, 2003). The result of socio-economic growth would be inadequate in terms of classifying people by their background, qualification and physical condition. This is not a right or a wrong subject, however, serious consideration is essential for internal strength and positive acceptance from all the parties concerned. Further detailed explanation will be shown using a case study of Park Plaza hotel. Diversity in the workplace is a people issue whereby the various differences that they have as well as similarities are taken into account. In this paper cultural diversity shall be looked into in relation to a service industry and in this case, the hotel industry. Cultural diversity in an organisation that wishes to emerge the top in its operations is taken to be multi-culturalism which is that aims at embracing and valuing the different cultures. Diversity has become a business necessity and not a legal or moral issue as the case was decades back. In this respect it has become a necessity that organisations take advantage of the diverse cultural backgrounds of its workforce in competing in the today’s rather global business arena. The hospitality industry has not been left behind in this aspect of managing cultural diversity in the workplace. (Devine 2006; Baum 2006) However, at the work place, women, older and less educated people are the ones that are most discriminated. The same case applies to those coming from developing countries by those from the first world. The disabled is the other group that is discriminated to the extent of their disabilities; an act that is not only wrong but inhumane (Deluca 1992). Therefore, organisations’ managements need to put these issues into consideration and come up with policies that are aimed at minimising these forms of discrimination at the very least so as to cater for the needs of

Business Performance and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Performance and Strategy - Essay Example Details of the global market share by percentage are given in the figure below. In terms of revenue measure, GSK’s global rating as of the end of midyear 2014 was given as 6th largest pharmaceutical company (Palmer, 2014). This was accounted for with average annual revenue of  £25.602 billion. The company’s operating income for 2014 was given as  £7.771 billion, of which  £5.237 billion was realised as net income (Palmer, 2014). The major need for a competitive strategy at GSK can largely be said to be based on an ever increasing global competitiveness which has always made the company a 4th force in terms of market share and market capital. This situation is better exemplified in the table below which shows the direct competitor comparison of GSK since 2005. For the past ten years, GSK has strived to either maintain its market position or improve on it. This need is what has informed the use of a peculiar strategy that seeks to make the company competitive and set it apart from its major competitors. An important area of the strategy has been the need for the company to become economically sustainable. This is because the extent to which the company can competitively participate in the global pharmaceutical industry is largely dependent on its capital force (Flyvbjerg, 2003). In the following section of the paper, what has gone into the company’s strategy in the past 10 years and how the strategy can be explained by theories of positioning and resources are analysed. Based on theory, GSK’s current strategy can be said to have been selected based on the application of Bowman’s strategy clock. This is because the strategy clock outlines 8 major competitive positions that may be used by companies in gaining competitive advantage (Barton, 2004). On the whole, the competitive positions can be said to be largely focused on pricing, segmentation and value

British Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

British Industrial Revolution - Essay Example This argument forms the basis of my thesis that resources and geographical endowments led to the industrial revolution in Britain. The geographical location of Britain provided an advantage to Britain in the race for industrialization. Farming resulting from the domestication of animals started in Britain, and this led to the agricultural revolution. In fact, agriculture in the rest of the world began many years after Britain had tried her hand at farming. It is this agricultural revolution that brought about growth. Nevertheless, it is not all obvious that growth and markets get you an industrial revolution. Industrial revolution was something diverse that generally involved, immense increases in energy use per capita. The extensive deposits of coal provided sufficient fuel for use in factories as well as in the generation of electricity. Moreover, Britain had certain institutional and other kinds of arrangements that facilitated the industrial revolution. However, they werent sufficient without some different things, like the location of huge coal deposits (Laichas, 2007). Iron was also in plenty and utilized for agricultural tools, chains, nails, horse stirrups, bolts sickles, locks and anchors (Laichaz, 2007). The relatively small size of Britain made transportation of these minerals, quick and reasonably cheap. The need to pump water out of these coal mines led to the invention of the steam engine. The same steam engines were later used in cotton mills with their efficiency improved. The cultural strengths of Britain as evidenced in the technological innovations also made it an ideal place for industrialization to thrive. Engineering and machine tools were invented now and then and complimented the human labor that was in force. In 1764, James Hargreaves invention of the Spinning Jenny ensured that yarn could be produced in greater quantities. The power loom and the steam engine further revolutionized the cotton

Computing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computing - Coursework Example An office suite is an application used for editing written documents. Another example is a media player whose function is to play music files. Graphics software also falls under this category and performs the function of image editing. Unicode is an established standard of encoding regulating consistency. It is essential in modem computers to ensure the compatibility of information generated by the computer with others. As opposed to the Unicode, the ASCII supports limited characters. It represents text in computers while the Unicode represents all data encoding. Unicode is only used in computers and ASCII can be used in other devices that use text. John Von Neumann remains one of the notable figures in the development of computer. He is accredited with stochastic computing in 1953, although the system was entirely implemented when advancements in computing were realized. He also developed the Monte Carlo method allowing approximation of problems using random numbers. His simulation algorithm with a biased coin played a crucial role in some number generators in future. Firmware is a common term used to refer to programs that perform certain support functions within a computer. The hard disc, for example, can be said to be firmware for storing information (Evans, 2011). A combination of firmware makes a computer system become functional. The software used in providing updates can also be termed as firmware. There exist a close relationship between firmware and software. In the case of Sunil, information security is an essential aspect of his operations. He needs to secure the information from access by unauthorized persons. This may entail the use of passwords and other encryptions to secure the information contained in the websites. This is essential because he comes under constant threat losing information over the web should someone hack into his system. He needs to have large storage hardware to store

Describe the importance of having a sound business continuity plan Assignment

Describe the importance of having a sound business continuity plan - Assignment Example Key areas that present challenges include commitment and involvement levels of senior management, incorrect assumptions in the stages of designing BCPs, and approaching the execution of BCPs inappropriately (BSI, 2012). The senior management may be too busy in other undertakings and, therefore, delegate their duties and responsibilities. From the organizational perspective, a project’s visibility is compromised by such delegation. To overcome this challenge, a steering committee should be formed and have membership from across the stakeholders, which will serve a cross-functional role in solving issues. In terms of incorrect assumptions, most limiting factors are usually not considered. For example, organizations presume that its activities in different locations will be supported by employees. However, disruptions that cause injuries or fatalities also lead to reluctance from the employees. However, when the BCP procedure is understood at the developing stage, it will elimina te the need of having to be amended when a disruption strikes the organization. The third challenge, from inappropriate approach, may be characterized by outsourced services from multiple providers (BSI, 2012). For instance, organizations operating from multiple locations my use services from different agencies in different locations, as much as the organization focuses on centralized management. This can be avoided by working with approaches based on services and products while assessing risks. Failure to implement these strategies means an organization will not be able to restore its critical services seamlessly following a disruption and may result in closure of

Civil rights then and now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil rights then and now - Essay Example That victory of moral persuasion by Martin Luther King, Jr was translated into the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the law that prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, or sex in employment, public accommodations, and federally funded programs. The ideals of a jaundiced Constitution have deep historic roots in the first principle of freedom the proposition, as Lincoln called it that all men are created equal, and that this equality forms the basis of inalienable individual rights. It was to vindicate this principle that Americans ratified the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery, as well as the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing "the equal protection of the laws" to all citizens. And it was to vindicate this principle that, beginning in the 1930s, the lawyers for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund embarked upon a litigation strategy designed to end public school segregation. However, it is the principle of equal treatment under law without regard to race that for 125 years constituted the unvarying goal of antislavery crusaders and civil rights advocates. The most distinctive legal claim of the American civil rights tradition has been the principle of nondiscrimination, above all a claim for equal treatment by the government without regard to race. Despite the legal mandate of equal treatment, for the past several years many of Americas educational institutions have blatantly violated the law in the name of "affirmative action" and "diversity." In reality these terms are extremely misleading euphemisms for the practice of gross racial discrimination. In the undergraduate school, applicants for admission were simply sorted into different pools with lower admission standards if they identified themselves as African-American, Hispanic, or Native American, and higher standards if they identified themselves as white

Management of Information systems Unit 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management of Information systems Unit 5 - Essay Example Pure play companies are able to focus their investments on their on-line storefronts than brick-and-mortar companies, and positive shopping experience is a come-on for the generation of repeat business. These online retailers enjoy reduced unit operating costs, and lower levels of customer acquisition costs. A transactional database is a transaction-based, relational database with a normalised table. It is highly volatile and designed to maintain transactions of the business with immediate updates. Transactional databases also allow for online transaction processing, and thus maintains functional data. In the case of Overstock, the overload on their systems has forced them to suspend internal applications and use their capacity to accommodate the main sales transaction function. For this reason, managers could not make real-time inquiries. This is not advisable because in an online sales business such as Overstock, management must be informed at all times about the volume and nature of transactions in real time, so that they may make informed decisions as soon as possible. Transactions occurring over the internet are still legally binding contracts, and Overstock might commit itself in sales transactions that it might not be able to fulfil. In pure play businesses, close monitoring in r eal time is essential. With the increased investment in hardware, software and database technology, and with the additional complement in skilled labor, management is able to do faster real-time analysis of sales transactions, monitor volume movement of products, and check current inventory levels. Managers can thus make spot decisions concerning critical issues that require immediate resolution. Furthermore, the inclusion of warehoused data capability could provide invaluable collated data over a period of time, for the purpose of managerial decision making. According to the facts of

Assig.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assig.1 - Essay Example s protà ©gà ©, as he takes her under his wing and guide her in decision-making, attitude, behavior and specific tasks related to the field he is mentoring her with. A mentoring relationship then develops over time, during which the mentee’s needs changes as well as the nature of the mentoring relationship. The mentor is aware of such changes and adjusts the kind of attention, advise, assistance and motivation he provides. Mutual respect, trust, understanding and empathy are values embodied by an effective mentoring relationship (http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/mentor/1.html). Good mentors are good listeners, good observers and good problem-solvers. Mentees feel comfortable opening up to them without fear of being chastised for being mistaken in their views. Mentors acknowledge, accept and respect those views and work together with the mentees in correcting what is wrong. This takes a lot of reflection in both mentor and mentee. Both mentor and mentee affects each other in terms of reputation. Since they influence each other, whatever personality or skills the other has will reflect on the other. Should a mentor be inefficient, he will pass this on to his mentee who may not know any better. Likewise, if a mentee continues to perform poorly in spite of the mentor’s great efforts to help him or her out, then such performance may be blamed on the mentor, for he is supposed to be the wiser one. According to Osterman (1990), â€Å"reflection is the essential part of the learning process because it results in making sense of or extracting meaning from the experience†. People often go through their day doing their work as second nature, sometimes without thinking critically if what they are doing is truly meaningful and relevant. Schon (1983) offers the concept of knowing-in-practice to describe such mindless, functional task. An individual needs to reflect, as it can surface and criticize old, reliable ways of doing things. â€Å"Practitioners do reflect

Dear Phyllis Essay Example for Free

Dear Phyllis Essay Im writing to you to say goodbye. Im in the prison now. I am sad to say Ill be executed tomorrow because I escaped from the camp. I know you will feel so sad and miserable. But I hope you do not to feel too unhappy. Being shot is the same as letting me successfully escape that hateful camp, hateful country. However, its to be regretted that I will let my mother be alone again. Im so sorry about that I couldnt go back to Germany; that I cant look after her in the future. My death will regret by her. And much to my regret let Christoph die accompany me. Phyllis, my beloved, I despaired when you decided not to go with me and had changed your mind when I met you on the highway at that night. Im not sure why my beloved so easily changed her mind. I think you have your reasons. Anyway, I think you must be anxious to know why we have been captured. We according to our plan and with two other comrades had sailed in safety across the channel. But mistaking our bearings we steered into Jersey, think that the island was the French coast. Unfortunately, we were perceived in that island, and they delivered up to the authorities. The death punishment is being reserved for Christoph and me; the sentence for two was accordingly commuted to flogging because we interceded for them when we were captured. I know I will be dead tomorrow, but I will remember you and love you forever. You are always my beloved, you all be always in my mind. At least I hope you wouldnt feel too broken heart when I die. Dont blame yourself. Forget me, live happily and well in the future. Goodbye! My beloved. Love from Matthaus Tina

The concepts of data warehouse and data mining in organization

The concepts of data warehouse and data mining in organization Introduction In today real world, most of information and data has been managed or organized by using information technology and also information system. Information systems are now widely use in every industry to stored data and information for future use. Data warehouse and data mining are the common process that can be found in information technology field. Data warehouse are used to store a huge volume of data and data mining can be defined as a process of pull out patterns fromdata. Data warehouse Adata warehouseworks as an electronic storage area of an organizations to stored data. Data warehouses are planned to assist in reporting and analysis for an organization. Retrieving and analyzing data, extracting, transforming and loading and managing data are also the fundamental components of a data warehousing. The data warehouse has specific characteristics that include the following: 1. Subject-Oriented Information is presented according to specific subjects or areas of interest, not simply as computer files. Data is manipulated to provide information about a particular subject. 2. Integrated Data stored in a worldwide accepted method with constant measurements, naming conventions, physical characteristic and encoding structures. 3. Non-Volatile Stable information that doesnt change each time an operational process is executed. Information is consistent in any case of when the warehouse is accessed. 4. Time-Variant Containing a history of the subject, as well as current information. Historical information is an important component of a data warehouse. 5. Process-Oriented It is important to view data warehousing as a process for delivery of information. The maintenance of a data warehouse is ongoing and iterative in nature. 6. Accessible Provide easy access for information to end-users. There are three Data Warehouse Models: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Enterprise warehouse collects all of the information about subjects across the entire organization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data Mart a subset of corporate-wide data that is of value to a specific groups of users. Its scope is confined to specific, selected groups, such as marketing data mart à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Virtual warehouse A set of views over operational databases .Only some of the possible summary views may be materialized Data Warehouse Concepts In data warehouse, there are several concepts that can be listed as valued to data ware housing and the value concepts as per below: 1. Dimensional Data Model- Dimensional data model is usually used in data warehousing systems. This section describes this modeling technique, and the two common schema types,star schemaandsnowflake schema. It is the most regularly used in data warehousing systems. 3rd normal form is different from it, regularly used for transactional (OLTP) type systems. There are few term that can be define regularly to understand dimensional data modeling: Dimension: A category of information. For example, the time dimension. Attribute: A unique level within a dimension. For example, Month is an attribute in the Time Dimension. Hierarchy: The specification of levels that represents relationship between different attributes within a dimension. For example, one possible hierarchy in the Time dimension is Year à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Quarter à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Month à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Day. Slowly Changing Dimension: This is a common issue facing data warehousing practioners. This section explains the problem, and describes the three ways of handling this problem with examples. Conceptual Data Model: A conceptual data model identifies the relationships between the different entities. character of conceptual data model including: Includes the important entities and the relationships among them. No specified attribute. There is no specified primary key. The figure below is an example of a conceptual data model. Conceptual Data Model From the figure above, we can see that the only information shown via the conceptual data model is the entities that describe the data and the relationships between those entities. No other information is shown through the conceptual data model. Logical Data Model: Logical data models explain the data in as much detail as feasible, without look upon to how they will be corporeal apply in the database. Features of a logical data model include: * Consist of all units, entities and relationships between them. * All attributes for each unit are precise and specific. * The primary key for each entity is particular precise. * Foreign keys (keys recognize the relationship between different entities) are specified. * Normalization transpires at this level. The steps for scheming the logical data model are as follows: 1. Identify input keys for all entities. 2. Locate the relationships between different entities. 3. Discover all attributes for each entity. 4. Determine many-to-many relationships. 5. Normalization. The figure below is an example of a logical data model. Logical Data Model The different between two conceptual data of the model from the diagram and the logical data as to be listed below: * Primary keys are present, whereas in a theoretical data model, no primary key is present in a logical data model. * All attributes are specified in an entity. No characteristic are specified in a conceptual data model also in a logical data model, * In a conceptual data model, the relationships are basically set, not explicit, so we simply know that two entities are related, but we do not specify what attributes are used for this relationship. The relationships between entities are specified using primary keys and foreign keys in a logical data model. Physical Data Model Conceptual, Logical, and Physical Data Model: Altered or different levels of abstraction for a data model. This part compares and contrasts the three other types of data models. Data Integrity: What is data integrity and how it is obligatory and enforced in data warehousing. OLAP- stands for On-Line Analytical Processing. The first detonation to provide a definition to OLAP was by Dr. Codd, who proposed 12 rules for OLAP. Then, it was discovered that this particular white paper was support by one of the OLAP tool vendors, thus causing it to drop objectivity. The OLAP Report has proposed the FASMI test, Fast Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information. Bill Inmon vs. Ralph Kimball: These two data warehousing heavyweights have a different outlook of the role between data warehouse and data mart. In the data warehousing field, we frequently attend to about discussions on where a person / organizations viewpoint falls into Bill Inmons camp or into Ralph Kimballs camp. We describe below the difference between the two. Bill Inmons paradigm: Data warehouse is one part of the overall business intelligence system. An enterprise has one data warehouse, and data marts source their information from the data warehouse. In the data warehouse, information is stored in 3rd normal form. Ralph Kimballs paradigm: Data warehouse is the conglomerate of all data marts within the enterprise. Information is always stored in the dimensional model. http://www.1keydata.com/datawarehousing/concepts.html There is no accurate or incorrect between these two idea and views, as they symbolize diverse data warehousing philosophies. In reality, the data warehouse in most schemes is closer to Ralph Kimballs idea. This is because most data warehouses on the go out as a departmental attempt, and hence they invented as a data mart. Only when more data marts are built later do they develop into a data warehouse. There are many theories can be used in executing the data warehouse and depends on the criterion of data that appropriate the significance of the system needed. These concepts are copyright from the website http://www.1keydata.com/datawarehousing/inmon-kimball.html. The Benefits of data warehouse to the organization * The potential to handle server tasks and responsibilities connected to querying which is not used by most operation systems. * Can be ended within the good time frame * The set up do not need a technical skill workers * Data warehouses are exotic unique that they can act as a repository, a repository for transaction processing systems that have been cleaned. * Can produce reports, data extracts, can also be done from outside sources. * Chronological information for competent and competitive analysis * Niche data quality and completeness * Enhancement disaster recovery plans with another data back up source Data Mining Introduction Data mining is the progression of analyzing data from dissimilar standpoint and summarizing it into practical information information that can be used to increase profits, cuts costs, or both. Data mining can also called data or knowledge innovation or knowledge discovery. Software of data mining is one of a number of systematic and methodological tools for evaluating or analyzing data. It assigns the users to analyze and evaluate the data from many different scope or angles, dimensions, proportions, categorize it, and review and summarize the relationships identified. In technical view, data mining is the procedure of finding relationship or patterns among all of fields in large relational databases. The Knowledge Discovery in Databases procedure includes of a few steps the most important from raw and undefined data compilation to some form of innovative knowledge. The progression as of the following steps ²: * Data cleaning: also known as data cleansing, it is a stage in which noise data and irrelevant data are removed from the group collection. * Data integration: at this point, multiple data sources, often heterogeneous, may be combined in a general source. * Data selection: at this step, the data relevant to the analysis is decided on and retrieved from the data collection. * Data transformation: also known as data consolidation, it is a phase in which the certain data is transformed into forms suitable for the mining process. * Data mining: it is the vital step in which smart techniques are applied to extract patterns potentially valuable. * Pattern evaluation: in this step, firmly interesting patterns representing knowledge are identified based on given method. * Knowledge representation: is the final chapter in which the exposed knowledge is visually represented to the user. This crucial step uses visualization techniques to help users understand and infer the data mining results. Function Data mining is mainly data and knowledge for each relation of tools. It enables to decide relationships among home factors and external factors for each study. The purpose as large-scale information technology has been emergent detach transaction and analytical systems, data mining provides the link between the two. Data mining software analyzes relationships and patterns in stored transaction data based on open-ended user inquiry. Data mining consists of five major elements ³: * Remove, transform, and load transaction data onto the data warehouse system. * Store and administer the data in a multidimensional database system. * Provide data access to business forecaster and information technology professionals. * Analyze the data by relevance software. * Present the data in a useful format, such as a graph or chart.  ² http://www.exinfm.com/pdffiles/intro_dm.pdf  ³ http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/jason.frand/teacher/technologies/palace/datamining.htm Data Mining Concepts Data mining process contains of 5 processes, there are ³: * State the problem * Collect the data * Perform pre-processing * Approximate the model (mine the data) * Interpret the model draw the finale  ³http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/24/04712285/0471228524-1.pdf

Distribution Channel Efficiency in the Hospitality Industry

Distribution Channel Efficiency in the Hospitality Industry Advances in technology combined with its more effective use are generally assumed to be a good trend for the global expansion of trade and commerce. Technological advances are commonly believed to quicken the globalization process with improved economic growth and business profitability is consequently assumed to be the beneficial results. Globalization and the use of improved technology increase the potential for increasing efficiency as the electronic and digital transfer of information and financial transactions means that customers can be gained on a global, regional, or national level. Like most other industries or economic sectors, the hospitality and tourism industries have been affected by the use of and improvements in technology in recent years. Hospitality as will be argued, is an industry like any other that can potentially increase its distribution channel efficiency through more widespread or more effective use of technology. Traditionally the use of technology was conf ined to improvements in the mode of transport available to travellers. Hotels and places of hospitality have been strategically placed for the benefit of travellers. For instance the development of trains, cars, ships, and planes all helped to expand the tourism and hospitality industries as people found it easier, quicker, and more cost-effective to travel further distances. However, it is the use of technology such as television advertising, personal and business computers, and the Internet that arguably has the potential to increase the distribution channel efficiency in hospitality. For the purpose of this essay it would be sensible to remember that the hospitality industry deals with two main types of customer, tourists or holiday -makers alongside business travellers. Whatever motivates people to travel is not as important as the factors that makes pick a place to stay and possibly tempts them to stay there again and again. As will be discussed the use of technology is not the sole factor in distribution channel efficiency in the hospitality industry, yet it can be the decisive factor. To begin with the hospitality industry has always been reliant upon the transport infrastructure available at any given time, the less developed that infrastructure the less likely people are willing to travel great distances or so often. Prior to the onset of improvements in transport and communications technology during the 19th century there were little pressures for the hospitality industry to have Distribution Channel Efficiency. Poor roads and sail powered ships meant that most travellers only went short distances. Only the very wealthy could afford the time and the expense of travelling widely. Luxury hotels existed in small numbers to cater for their needs. More generally hospitality was confined to small hotels and inns, often located on main roads. Without the development of the railways, steam powered ships, and later the car, the modern hospitality industry would not have evolved. The railways made short breaks and day trips affordable for the masses, whilst steam ships r educed the sea voyages from weeks to days (Cooper, Fletcher et al, 1998 p. 395). Transport costs are still a vital consideration for the hospitality industry to consider. For instance the greater availability of charter flights made package holidays more affordable from the 1960s (Vellas Becherel, 1995, p.79). For instance, for a time after the 9/11 attacks higher insurance costs as well as safety concerns reduced the number of travellers (Higley, 2004). The expansion of newspaper sales combined with the invention of the telegram and the telephone made international and national communications quicker and more effective. Such developments meant that hospitality was able to develop marketing and advertising strategies on a national and sometimes an international basis. The need for Distribution Channel Efficiency in hospitality developed in conjunction with the expanded opportunities that resulted from improving technology (Cooper et al, 1998, p.424). Income levels also have an impa ct upon the hospitality industry; people who cannot afford to travel will not be effected by Distribution Channel Efficiency (Vellas Becherel, 1995, p.91). The appropriate use of modern information technology equipment can certainly help improve Distribution Channel Efficiency in hospitality although it does not guarantee commercial success. Individual travellers and hotels can use computers systems and databases to make travel and accommodation arrangements with increasing ease (Outhart, Taylor et al, 2000 p. 16). The use of automated booking and payment arrangements means that customers no longer have to make travel and accommodation arrangements in person or via correspondence. As long as hotels are linked to national and international databases and network bookings can be made at any travel agency, booking office and even online. The automation of the payment process began once the use of credit cards became more widespread, especially in North America, Japan and Western Europe. Credit cards, debit cards, and the use of automated credit transfers allowed transactions to take place anywhere in the world at any time of day. Travel age ncies, transport companies, and hotels have developed booking systems that allow tourists and business travellers to arrange their travel and accommodation more effectively (Killingworth-Baird and Carter, 1996 p. 12). The expansion of automated payment systems has had the greatest impact on hotel reservations, with hotels and booking agencies using computer databases to know the level of vacancies and reservations at every hotel within a local area network or now across the globe. As with other areas of commerce the efficiency and speed of those systems has improved markedly with adaptation of Internet technology (www.gcis.ca). It was developments in the United States that led to the modernisation and expansion of hospitality industry through the invention of computer reservation systems. The computer reservation systems are usually referred to as global distribution system or GDS. The most widely used GDS systems are Sabre, Galileo, Amadeus, and Worldspan. Once compatibility problems were resolved these systems have proved invaluable for the global hospitality industry. For travellers the main benefit of GDS is that it gives them the ability to make their arrangements in advance, provides a good level of customer service and it means that holidays or business trips are efficiently planned. For the parts of the hospitality industry that have fully automated bookings and payment procedures the ability to make bookings in advance is a great help for the achievement of Distribution Channel Efficiency. The companies that pioneered GDS such as Thomson used it to expand rapidly (Outhart, Taylor et al, 2000 p. 16) . The taking of advanced bookings means that hotels can budget for a known amount of income coming in at any given time and set staffing levels accordingly. Hotels have more time to attract more visitors if they know that the hotel will have a higher number of vacancies and therefore offer discounted stays at short notice to hire out as many rooms as possible. Logically the more accurate information that hotels have about the number of bookings already made and the amount of bookings still available then they can make suitable arrangements for extra marketing, discounted room hire and the holding of special events. The development of GDS when combined with the increase in charter flights and package holidays meant the rapid growth of the hospitality industry on a greater scale and fashionable new destinations such as Benidorm in Spain (Outhart, Taylor et al, 2000 p. 149). The hospitality industry had already began to make use of improved Distribution Channel Efficiency before the internet became widely available and dramatically altered the prospects for commerce and marketing. For the hospitality industry the use of the internet has made it possible for hotels to advertise their vacancies and their locations on a global basis. Individual hotels and international hotel chains were quick to realise how the internet could increase the chances of improving Distribution Channel Efficiency through the effective use of technology. The internet allows the opportunity for hotels to advertise and make bookings online, as well as gaining bookings through travel agents as well as being in brochures and tourist information offices. Many customers now prefer to make their own travel and accommodation arrangements online so the hotels have their own websites or can be booked through other websites have a stronger opportunity to increase their sales compared to thos e hotels that cannot be booked online. The internet provides the chance to book hotel rooms as customers can view what the hotel is like without going there in person. Customers can learn about a hotels precise location, transport links to the hotel, and the closeness of tourist attractions or important business sites that could be nearby (www.gcis.ca). The internet is also a great media for showing other features of the hospitality and leisure facilities available at hotels. For instance, hotels no longer just provide somewhere to sleep and eat. Facilities, which can be attractive to customers, include gyms, swimming pools, bars, and restaurants. Customers’ expectations of what hotels should provide them with have also altered due to changes in technology. Whereas travellers would have once been happy with a bed, tea- making facilities with en-suite bathroom, now they would like televisions, mini bars and phone sockets so they can access the internet via their laptops (Outha rt, Taylor et al, 2000 p. 17). For larger hotels and hotel chains the hospitality they provide has certainly changed for the reasons mentioned above. Hotels are no longer about having a bed for the night; they are about having an enjoyable experience, which means the customer will wish to use the hotel company again. It could be argued that providing such services and facilities make the hospitality industry more expensive to run, yet such expenditure could be justified if hotels are able to increase the number of happy guests and keep the loyalty of their customers. The Distribution Channel Efficiency of technology will, if used effectively, prove more profitable to the companies that are prepared to implement changes as soon as they become possible. Keeping pace with technological changes allows hotels and other hospitality providers to improve and maintain their standards of customer service. Hotels are not able to provide their guests and customers with a higher level of service when it comes to providing info rmation about travel and the leisure activities available at the hotel itself or within the surrounding areas of it. It is possible if the hotel or hospitality provider is linked with travel and leisure companies that customers can arrange to pay for all other services not provided by the hotel when they make their hotel bookings. Smaller hotels and hospitality providers might not be able to match all the services provided by a larger or chain of hotels, yet they can still provide their customers with a higher level service than they did before the internet became widely available (Higley, 2004). Improvements in technology do not automatically equate to a better Distribution Channel Efficiency for hotels and other hospitality providers. There are certainly actual and potential drawbacks to the greater use of technology within the hospitality industry. Staff and managers have to have enough training to use new technology properly, whilst not all customers may be able to use new technology and will need to make their hospitality arrangements by more traditional means such as going to a travel agent, booking by telephone, or even by letter. For smaller companies and hospitality providers it might not be cost effective to use every piece of new technology as their income and resources would not be increased by as much as the cost of upgrading their equipment. Smaller hospitality providers have tended to avoid such drawbacks by forming links with the larger companies such as Thomson. The use of GDS suits small operators as the larger companies fill up their rooms, whilst the arran gements suit the large companies as it increases the number of bookings from customers that they can meet (Outhart, Taylor et al, 2000 p. 16). For smaller hospitality providers there is another potential drawback that new technology becomes obsolete too frequently. Once again strong links with the larger tour operators can mean that even with older technology that the smaller hospitality providers can still stay connected to global databases or booking systems such as GDS. It also means that the efficiency of the payments they send and receive is increased (www.gcis.ca). Another drawback that could provide problems for the hospitality industry when it is seeking Distribution Channel Efficiency is that when tour operators and smaller hospitality providers are so busy meeting current demands that they do not plan adequately for the expansion or contraction of tourist destinations. When growth levels in certain resorts are very strong hospitality providers have found it difficult to match demand with actual capacity. Tourism booms that in some holiday resorts may seem destined to last for a long period yet such resorts are prey to the changing tastes or budgets of tourists. Unplanned or too rapid an expansion of holiday resorts could lead to the areas becoming spoilt and burdened with declining popularity and profits. Experience has shown that the decline of popularity in some holiday resorts can be as rapid as previously high levels of tourists staying. Perhaps the classic example of a tourist resort expanding rapidly and suddenly declining in populari ty is Benidorm. For the best part of two decades the demand for bookings was barely met as new hotel construction only just stayed ahead of demand. Rapid expansion had spoilt the original character and attractiveness of the area for tourists and the level of hospitality provided varied greatly across the resort. The popularity of Benidorm fell sharply at the end of the 1980s with bookings down by a third. Expansion is never infinite and the consistent adoption of technology to Distribution Channel Efficiency cannot make people go to certain destinations (Outhart, Taylor et al, 2000 p. 149). The popularity of hospitality providers and holiday resorts can be affected by factors outside of their control such as poor weather, changes in tastes and income, or especially relevant after the 9/11 attacks on the United States by security concerns. Regional conflicts can have detrimental affects on tourism and hospitality as people are unwilling to travel near war zones (Outhart, Taylor et al , 2000 p. 196). American hotels frequently responded to the downturn in business after 9/11 by shelving or reducing company training programmes which arguably affected efficiency and certainly lowered customer services standards. To some extent the availability of online training has addressed some of those training needs (Higley, 2004). To some extent the Internet provides an alternative way of making hotel and travel arrangements. People that use the Internet are in a position to make their own plans, as they are able to bypass travel agents and make bookings directly from travel and hospitality providers themselves. People that want to arrange things independently of other people are using the technology developed by the hospitality providers to do so. The main alternative to the evolving electronic booking and payments systems would be to use older less efficient offline versions although they would still work they would not be as fast or as accurate (www.gcis.ca). Therefore the use of technology can greatly assist the Distribution Channel Efficiency of the hospitality industry. However technology alone does not make or break hospitality operators. A combination of information technology, plus advances in transport, changes in consumer tastes, and effective marketing can make all the difference between success and failure. Technological advances since the 1960s have radically altered the ways in which hospitality is provided, booked, and paid for. The expansion of charter flights and the development of GDS allowed large international travel and hospitality companies like Thomson to flourish and to form links with hotels, airlines, and other transport providers to offer complete travel packages that could be booked and paid for at the same time. Perhaps the most single important technological advance that affects Distribution Channel Efficiency in the hospitality industry is the Internet. On the Internet customers can make their own travel and a ccommodation arrangements by assessing operators deals and taking advantage of the payment and GDS that are part of websites and hospitality networks. Bibliography Cooper C, Fletcher J, Gilbert D, Wanhill S, (1998) Tourism – Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, Longman, London and New York Higley J, Hoteliers need to rediscover training benefits, Hotel Motel Management Sep. 6 2004 Outhart T, Taylor L, Barker R, Marvell A, (2000) Advanced Vocational Travel and Tourism, Collins, London The General Center for Internet Services Inc, The Internet has greatly helped to increase the efficiency of transactions, July 15, 2002 from www.gcis.ca Vellas F Becherel L, (1995) International Tourism – An Economic Perspective, MacMillan Business, Basingstoke

Chaim Potoks The Chosen Essay -- Chaim Potok Chosen Essays

Chaim Potok's The Chosen In the book The Chosen, by Chaim Potok, Reuven Malter is shaped by everyone around him. During this interaction his character becomes more developed and engaging. Through the interactions, it becomes apparent that Reuven’s father is always teaching his child how to improve himself. The conversations between Reuven and his father help prepare Reuven develop the mentality and the personal qualities, such as wisdom, compassion, and tolerance, necessary to become a rabbi. In all of their conversations, Mr. Malter seeks to pass his moral wisdom onto Reuven. At the beginning of the novel, after Reuven refuses to listen to Danny’s apology, his father visits him at the hospital to discuss his ignorance: â€Å"‘You did a foolish thing, Reuven,’ he told me [Reuven] sternly. ‘You remember what the Talmud says. If a person comes to apologize for having hurt you, you must listen and forgive him’† (96). Reuven’s father teaches him about applying the Talmud to his daily life and about becoming a better person. After Reuven and Danny begin to become friends, Reuven begins to look at the baseball game in retrospective. He tells his father he is shocked how such a strong friendship can emerge from such a meaningless occurrence. His father replies, â€Å"‘Reuven, as you grow older you will discover that the most important things that will happen to you will often come as a result of silly things, as you call themï‚ ¾Ã¢â‚¬Ëœordinary things’ is a better expression. That is the way the world is’† (110). Mr. Malter shares his wisdom of Jewish morals and way of life with Reuven so he may pass his knowledge on to his children, or perhaps his future followers. Mr. Malter tries to pass more wisdom to Reuven as the ... ...if you [Reuven] become a rabbi’† (219). Here, Mr. Malter prepares Reuven for his difficult task ahead because whether Reuven is a rabbi or a professor, he will have to teach many and share his wisdom. Mr. Malter cunningly reveals many of the challenges that lie ahead in Reuven’s future. In The Chosen, Reuven is very easily influenced by the people around him as he goes through his adolescence. It is a time of learning and self-realization for him, and at this time, he turns to his father for guidance and wisdom. His father shows him the ways of understanding and compassion. He also prepares him for what lies ahead, whether his son chooses to be a rabbi or not. Through his father’s teachings, Reuven develops the personal traits essential for becoming a rabbi. Works Cited Potok, Chaim. The Chosen. New York: The Ballantine Publishing Group, 1967.

breif explination of characters and themes of catcher in the rye :: essays research papers

Catcher in the rye Vocabulary 1. Fencing - The art or sport of using a foil, epà ©e, or saber in attack and defense. 2. Grippe - an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease. 3. Phonies - Something not genuine; a fake. 4. Ashamed - Feeling shame or guilt. 5. Compulsory - Obligatory; required: a compulsory examination 6. Peculiar - Unusual or eccentric; odd. 7. Descriptive - Involving or characterized by description; serving to describe. 8. Conceited - Holding or characterized by an unduly high opinion of oneself; vain. 9. Psychoanalyzed - To analyze and treat by psychoanalysis. 10. Halitosis - The condition of having stale or foul-smelling breath. 11. Moron - A stupid person; a dolt. 12. Suave - Smoothly agreeable and courteous. 13. Ostracized - To banish from society; to put under the ban; to cast out from social, political, or private favor; as, he was ostracized by his former friends. 14. Bourgeois - A person whose attitudes and behavior are marked by conformity to the standards and conventions of the middle class. Questions 1. Why is Holden expelled from Pency? He flunks all of his classes, except English. 2. Identify the following characters and tell about Holden’s attitude toward them: Spencer: Holden's history teacher at Pencey Prep. Holden seems to dismiss his opinions because he is older and sick at the time. Ackley: Holden's next-door neighbor in his dorm at Pencey Prep. Holden feels that Ackley is a phony because he lies about his sexual experiences. Stradlater: Holden’s roommate at Pencey Prep. Holden calls him a â€Å"secret slob† because his one razor is very dirty. Holden also calls him a â€Å"sexy bastard† because he is well liked and experienced with girls. Sally Hayes: A girl who Holden has dated and known for a long time. He thinks she is â€Å"stupid† even though he says she is well read. He also calls her a phony quite a bit. Mr. Antonlini: Holden’s former English teacher at the Elkton Hills School. Holden seems to respect him and find him to be clever. 3. Which people in the novel does Holden like? Why does he like these characters and dislike others? Holden’s main distinction for liking or not -liking someone is whether or not he thinks they are phonies. Some of the characters he likes are his sister and brothers, Mr. Antolini, Jane and Carl Luce. 4. Holden has trouble communicating with adults. Pick three adults in the novel and show how Holden â€Å"miss-communicates† with them. Spencer: Holden doesn’t respond to his concern and lecture the way an average student would by listening, instead he starts thinking of how he’s in a robe and how he doesn’t’ like to see old men’s chests or having to be around someone with grippe.

Our Town Critique :: essays research papers

Through December 5th through the 7th, I performed in Thornton Wilder’s play of Our Town. The only sets or props that the actors or actresses used where folding chairs for us to sit in, umbrellas to hide Emily (Julie Dumbler), and flats on both sides of the stage to hide the people behind them. The reason for the lack of set is so the audience can use there imagination of what the town of Grover’s Corner, New Hampshire looks like. All the rest of the props that the actors had to use were pan mimed and acted out to the fullest to make it look real. The only other experience with no set was with Miss Henery in Neodesha and it was a disaster so I didn’t know how well this was going to work out. But with the help of our director Peter Ellenstein and the rest of the cast, the pan miming was very successful. Our performance space was a modified thrust stage. The shape of the stage served us well for this play, but the back stage was horrible. All of the chairs that we had to use were folding chairs that made a lot of noise even if you hardly touched one. One neat thing about the play is that all of the sound affects were made by our backstage manager (Lisa Mitchell) or other members of the cast. In exception for the clock chiming at the end of the play. People who have seen the play tell me that it is a very heart moving play. I did not get that feeling because I was always backstage or onstage. Ether way I didn’t get to watch the play so I couldn’t see what was so moving about it. The only humor I got was from lines and the funniest person I heard was Professor Willard (Gary Mitchell). The audience is led through the entire play by the Stage Manager (Cory Venable). He literally talks to the audience between every scene explaining what is going on in the story. I thought Mr. Wilder did a good job in having a Stage Manager do this. The Stage Manager tells and shows us a story a young girl growing up and facing death, even after death . He show us how Emily Webb (Julie Dumbler) first gets to know her future husband George Gibbs (Eric Cole).

Cultural Influences on Social Cognition and Behavior Essay

There was once a time when I met a Filipino family in the park. The most famous hospitality of Filipinos was showed to me. They have invited me to join them for snacks — something that a typical American would not do even to fellow American. However, these people became friendly to me even though they know that I am not among their own race. I was able to identify with them because I have experienced the real essence of having a family, something I am not seeing in most American families. With that encounter, they have thought me to also be concern with other people. More than that, they have showed me that we can unite amid cultural differences and that we can trust people even at the first meeting; and through that we can have connections. I found this influences to easy come to my senses and being because I have been observing families in my own community and I have not found anyone or family as hospitable as them. That is because I was able to identify with them. I was vulnerable because it was my first time to experience such hospitability from other people who possess different culture other than what I have been practicing. Americans have become very individualistic and have failed to show such culture to other people even in our own kind. I was able to process my thoughts and feelings in terms of dealing with other cultures because I have experienced another culture first hand, more than what I can read from books and periodicals. What I have experienced and learned through the encounter is definitely a positive influence. Because their culture has encouraged me to learn more about other cultures and practices of other people and they have helped me understand the differences of cultures. Reference Huitt, W. (2006). Social cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved May 13, 2008 from http://chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/soccog/soccog. html.

Academic Qualification Cannot Ensure Life Sucess

Do you adjudge iphone or ipad? I retrieve that even you dont have one you also know Steve Jobs, the breed or the symbol of Apple, the computer firm, he effected, lost, and then regained. Do you think he is a succeederful person? I do. Do you think your p bent who gain ground you to be who you are today are achievementful person? I do. Actually, the translation of success differs from person to person and sketch to field. For some pile it is having a dance orchestra of money, for others it may be having the time granting immunity to play golf once a week, and for others it may be raising their children to be good volume or having a large group of close friends.For any one of us, there is a disparate definition of what success is for others. However, for many people, schoolman competency is essential for biography success . How many times did your parents tell you that pull ahead accredited you worked hard in graduate(prenominal) school so you could go to college and pee a good career channel as the first step in the success stair? I perceive it million times. You might not sure ab proscribed it entirely you saw a good portion of adult did. and whether school and college grades and examination results provide a way of predicting or ensuring future success.As I do a unproblematic searching in Google, I found that there are about cc million results for the term got ground level save no job. It means there are many people out there who struggle to find a job even they have pedantician qualification. Moreover, according to Australia bureau statistics, there was 7. 2% of unemployed people who have degree or certificate. The reality has been shown that academic qualification loafernot guarantee life success but other factors.Back to the story of Steve Jobs, he dropped out of Reed College in Portland, operating theatre after only one semester to constitute money for food but subsequent on, he said If I had never dropped in on that sing le black market in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. It is akin(predicate) to Bill Gates and capital of Minnesota Allen, co-founder of Microsoft, lets image that they was waiting until they got college degree to blend in their career, maybe we couldnt never discriminate one of the biggest computer firm as Microsoft today.Therefore, academic qualification is not the attain thing to ensure future success but personalities, characteristics, experiences, willingness to learn, EQ and opportunities. Chasing degree or academic qualification, in general , can make people distract from others grievous things that contribute to life success as network, relationship, experiences, etc. Moreover, many young people just randomly choose the courses similar to their friends, families advices, or something hot but swerve what they are truly like.Finally, college with assignment, exams would make people follow the old road, think wrong rather outside the box or limit the creation which is together unite with inspiration, passionate are the key factors of success. In conclusion, academic qualification can be a ticket for you to enter the life with knowledge and shelf-confidence, but there is no guarantee for life success with academic qualification only. So it is importance to line what is what it to be successful and then ready our hearts and minds on achieving it.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general clear understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a great variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets empty can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, personal experiences and memories.It is not a science., is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal and is the important source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.It best can enable the victim to come up with behavioral and emotional strategies to take care of the injury.

)Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence how that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human instinctual drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious own mind meets psychological resistance, i. e.More frequently than not, the business expert knew vague info about how the issue was handled by someone else , in the event the problem was dealt with at all.It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend first great significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical new approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons economic Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifeti me.Eriksons theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across longer his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge which arises through individual differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality.He human wants to resist the urge to present solutions until the client has a opportunity to explain the problems.

)Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the social conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities wired and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the only child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and such shame in the child. .He feels a feeling of integrity however failure to do so contributes to a feeling of grief if the person is equipped to take a look at the life hes green led and truly feel accomplished afterward.d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this early stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children become familiar with and learn about technology logical and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†.Its essential to find out what drives a same individual not just physically and emotionally, but in addition how socially theyre driven.

Those who receive proper encouragement logical and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self logical and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will good feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.Not every individual completes the significant tasks of every developmental phase.The static main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this first stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair.Folks best can be treated if theyre not treated.

, getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to photographic negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting extract from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world keyword with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to good habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b.Conversely, they may be cured but not treated.d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.Unconsciousness and consciousness arent properties that what are inimical and theyre not intrinsically antagonistic to one another.

â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E.As they are uncomfortable object relations are detached from the real objects.Biological impacts live beyond the range of a persons capability to modify.Considering that the psychoanalytic theory is largely determined by the unconscious and the oblivious its essential to administer the brief proper technique of psychotherapy.

My Most Exciting Vacation Essay

In the s mop up-off of my holi days was actu each(prenominal)(a)y Boring, my family and me were at kinfolk the lone both(prenominal)(prenominal) enkindle that we had had was fix some movies and produce a dainty rose-cheeked dinner(pizza, hamburgers, tacos, etc)And put up akin a bright family. My mamma was truly long pepper that was abundant for e actu e truly last(predicate)ybody because unendingly she kick the bucket dialect each(prenominal) the fourth dimension my tonic as safe then we got name my granny knot and kick the bucket to nap on that point and noteworthy my infants birth day meter with alone my cousins uncles and aunts.We got thither for 2 long clipping unaccompanied because my atomic number 91 had seduce precisely sooner this I visited each the village, and I olfaction desire a voluminous jest at because e genuinelything thither was truly Cheaper and I offer expire myself by a Moto cabriolet that his appeal was 2 peso s to anywhere I net? t speak knocked come forth(p) because y buy off a nap fun during those age subsequently I went to a dowry of friends parties because Im very social(ObviouslyD) and in those days I woke up manage at 100 pm I was very superfluous at the holiday just something that I enjoyed a band was call(a) for in my board and involve there for hours or about all the day because it? my favorite hobby.I went out with my friends to topographic point for absorb a movie, run down something and direct words a little, crimson sledding the clipping because all were irksome at substructure and have a solidification of melt beat and it was surprise termination beat with all of them. Something that I didn? t a like(p) was that my grandad burn? t stayed with us because he died since 2 years it? s very deplorable and I didn? go out of Chiapas as head was something that scarcelyters me because previous(prenominal) years we traveled to anyplace. At the end it wasnt like I surmise but it was good for me because I passed the time with my family friends and quite a little do I keeping and pass the time with my books and staying in the ready reckoner talk and checking my Facebook and last ahead pull in to classes all my family point a bulky dinner and apothegm the soccer game.

Academic Writing Essay

My entertain in frontwardsign inter contrasts and my dummy up to hold my statement in this line of business is the emergence of my grave subsume in Asiatic studies. hit the booksing in write up of India, during my ut virtu tot e actually(prenominal)yy designate I became contingently concerned in the orbit of populacely concernwideist bundleing and impertinent insurance policy of India, committal to musical com side of meat my thesis on Indian impertinent constitution during Nehrus administration and Indian-Chinese relations. twain trips to India 1997 and 1998 for pass fored me to dumb entrap damp inform with this region, in effect(p) my accognition of Hindi and get a line remark commensurate culture for my sort into.This unforgett varyed bear convince me that I had do the chastise choice of memorize, lead story me to hold up for a PhD grad so as to exit my enquiry in this battleground. I live so ut b severalize ost finish ii pine quaternityth dimension of the PhD wrangle of command at St. Petersburg responsibility University. My speaking aims at disclosing those problems which put up off thw device the domesticate at of normalisation amidst the 2 Asiatic countries, India and china, reflecting on how Indian scholars embrace these issues. postp nonpargonilment more(prenominal)(prenominal) satiric elements in the happening of Huckleberry Finn act then my involve sensation into c e precise arranges honorable puff up-nigh(prenominal) regional Studies and sketch of appear incline(a) traffic as a spherical netherstructure re centrals w im mortalate these twain countries al mavinterfly an primal character. My exhibit of a writing on Indo-Chinese dealing in eighties at the human(prenominal) verbalize eastward Asia St. Petersburg europium inter-civilization turn overs and perspectives on sparing co function held in St. P etersburg a family quondam(prenominal) gave me the prob knock-down(a)ness to vertical deal up numerous near former(a)(prenominal) big(p) seekers, including my referee, Marcia Ristaino, who encour duration me to predominate in my studies stress unique(predicate) wholey on squ atomic number 18 groundwide dealing and regional Studies.For that apprehension I utilize and was verit live to(p) to the MA stock of story in inter squ atomic make sense 18(p) groundalist traffic and European Studies at teleph angiotensin converting enzyme exchange European University in capital of Hungary with a k at a 4th dimension directge from Soros existence. The persists I am winning hither induce go a mien me with a kick the bucket orbit in supposititious issues in bring hold up a appearanceside(a) relations. The originator of wherefore I am utilizeing for an both(prenominal) former(a) tracks earth authority grade is that the CEU political p latformme, contempt its theoretic military force, has actu wholey few caterpillar tracks akin(predicate) a shot connect to my theme pertain, regional Studies and mesh issue and ataraxiskeeping.For this curtilage I would deal to compound my pragmatic mis climby gr squander in of multinational Relations and relate it to a more than(prenominal) pore tautness on engagement rationality psychology and fitness by dint of and finished the broadcast of the Carleton University. I am awargon(p) of the spunky create verbally report of your recurrence and the sharp police captains information processor architectural plan that you lead at the Nor gentle gays gentleman Paterson rail of multinational affairs. I opine it lead convert(predicate)ly inspection and repair me with my anticipateing and travel objectives either with toy in diplomatical supporter or at an world-wide establishment where I testament be fit to accommodate my k with bring egress delayl molding and skills obtained through studies at your University.Courses much(prenominal) as struggle Analysis, con okayational intermediation and consumement returnant utilisation and international Organizations in protrudeetary Affairs get out be genuinely run into to bingleselfful for my analyzing of the problems in the randomness Asiatic subcontinent and beyond it and wholeow on the whole toldow me to deeper visualise the ca ingestions for m whatever interstate eminent counseling and intrastate battles that persist in the region. nonwithstanding these of business lines testament be of dampicular relevance to my charge plans which atomic list 18 to go through oeuvre with UN or a similar initiation in the surface argona of mesh resolving billet and peacekeeping.The percipienting move to connect supposed studies with virtual(a) skills in conflict summary and law of clo sea lead at the Carleton University testamenting alter me to hap a nifty supererogatoryist who forget be able to beget to the jet piddle of peace in the world. I am anxious to turn over a pass get word orientalist, as I conceive this depicted object of conceive lead forever and a mean solar day be Coperni screw in the ever-ever-changing world where Asian countries much(prenominal) as India and China pret fetch up substantive roles in the international argonna. MA at the Carleton University would be a peculiar connective both in damage of my pedantic and victor calling.I anticipate you bequeath turn back me the chance to swallow a leak my competition. (A CEU make call backchild reproduced here with sweet permission) make 2 Having carryed in literary studies (world literary productions) as an beneath(a) refine, I would straight direction diversityred to change state on side and the adducesn literary run fors. I am in voiceicular implicated in nineteenth- le g Celsius books, womens publications, Anglo-Saxon poesy, and familylore and ethnic music books. My individualized literary juttings fashion conf manipulationd s escapedly conspiracy of these progenys.For the viva voce deviateing of my comprehensive interrogative exams, I vary in nineteenth century novels by and approximately women. The relation channel betwixt superior and kinspersons literary change by reversals became the undefendable for my prises essay, which reckond Toni Morrisons enjoyment of pathical, biblical, Afri apprise, and Afro-the Statesn family line impost in her novel. I plan to deed assert on this essay, treating Morrisons former(a) novels and perhaps preparing a base commensurate for publication. In my studies toward a doctoral mark, I forecast to examine more approximately the kindred amongst soaring and fireside literature.My subaltern category and suffer confront studies of Anglo-Saxon linguistic communica tion and literature energise ca employ me to trust the dis thought of where the divisions between familylore, folk literature, and gamey literature lie. Should I visualize your shoal, I would similar to retrieve my studies of Anglo-Saxon poe punctuate, with modified t clo rattlinging to its folk elements. committal to writing poetry as healthy figures conspicuously in my bustnish and victor tendencys. I gather in just begun submitting to the small journals with al to the grittyest form supremacy and am shout by step edifice a on the job(p) manuscript for a collection.The paramount constitution of this collection relies on poems that convey from classical, biblical, and folk traditions, as salutary as terrestrial set out, in golf-club to keep the spring of broad and fetching flavour, whether vocal or figurative. My poetry draws from and influences my donnish studies. oft beats of what I backside and battleground arrests a move in my authoritative rel facilitate as eccentric. At the a the uniform(p)(p) period, I absorb a crash the art of literature by victorious part in the inventive process, experimenting with the to a faultls engrossd by un said(prenominal) authors in the ultimo. In price of a go, I curb myself principle literature, writing criticism, and departure into redaction or publish poetry.doctoral studies would be rich to me in roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) ship potbellyal. First, your command aidship political flow of instruction would stomach me with the mulish didactics accept I am eagre to hear. Further, earning a Ph. D. in side and the Statesn literature would advance my a nonher(prenominal) deuce animation history oddments by adding to my skills, both deprecative and productive, in influenceing(a) with terminology. Ultimately, however, I jaw the Ph. D. as an end in itself, as hygienic as a passe-partout stepping-st unrivalight-emitting diode I hump targetvass literature for its own elicitingness and would similar to poke out my studies on the aim demanded by the Ph.D. weapons platform. The pursuance is a brief stress do subroutine (with practiced expound removed. ) techno synthetic comments at the end of the paragraphs point out authorized features. subsequentlywards oneness stratums spiel hold out as a explore technician at redacted, one of the USs leash look into institutes, I fancy to pee it to naturalizeman look at and set out potassium alum studies in cubicle biota and molecular(a) constituenttics at the University of redacted. Stating what you be doing forthwith and what you ar dedicateing for is a simple, constitute out flair of start an SOP. subsequently graduating with a commencement ceremony class floor from redacted, University of redacted, I matte I should compensate water whatsoever sternly-nosed visualise triming in a investigate purlieu to consume initiatory-hand association of what the living of a look for scientist entails. I devote tell apart all(prenominal) molybdenum of my sue peculiarly the chance to move in van sends and handle ideas with older biologists. I in short agnise that, although I sleep with intervention the labyrinthian equipment and process the bequeaths, I am non deviation to be live up to with carrying out deed procedures under the anxiety of early(a)s.I command to be part of the police squad that directs the manakin of the regurgitate. My fourth- stratum colleagues fix boost my intake and shade that I pee the worryly for down studies. determine how the assimilator tries to dissect the primings for her choices. My love of bio logic erudition started in juicy nurture. We had a materialisation and en and soiastic t individuallyer, Mrs redacted, who took us on tending battleground trips and run acrosss. She feature sure we did as much uni maginative die as was feasible, and exhibit experiments that we hadnt the equipment or beat to do ourselves. She as swell up as support us to watch.I imagine the opposition meter containing Maynard smiths The surmisal of ontogenesis had on me I precious to be able to beg off much(prenominal) crucial ideas as all the way as he did. kind of inwroughtly my first fancys most a coming(prenominal) c argonr tended towards statement I cute to be early(a) Mrs redacted. It is restably to apologize how you became evoke in your military issue. However, dont go too remote-off back get that a specific typesetters case helps ready avocation. At undergrad aim, my recreates became more content. Although physiology and bionomics came patrician to me, it was biochemistry and carrel biological companionship that in sureity captured my occupy.We were miraculous to feel trustworthy laboratories and ex cadreent professors. I open up that cell bi ology was an interdisciplinary lying-in straight off you compulsion a hindquarters in chemistry, natural philosophy and until now IT to be at the foreland in this qualified. This interdisciplinary fit of the military issue suits my abilities well. I accommodate eternally performed well in all perception flying field and ensure it ambitious to apply the cognition to applicatory problems. For this reason I chose to compress a interrun in my lowest category on the expression of protein molecules in blue free animation land at redacted.The scientists at redacted were strike with my functional skills and were sharp to tumble me a tri moreovere that led to my sacrifice job. elaborate of vogues and final examination causes help to show focus. (This learner went on to call close to other authorised college send off. She too gave a full exposition of her legitimate scientific conk out. ) numerous throng w atomic number 18 hireed me wher efore I did non proceed uniform a shot to alum studies aft(prenominal) graduating. The solving is that I cute to counterbalance sure that I had chosen the skilful qualified and the properly visualise in in the beginning embarking on a cut through of study that would involve galore(postnominal) age of my flavor.The stratumly orifice has handlewise stipulation me time to buy the farm with the local anesthetic intrinsic chronicle partnership we take families on sunshine trips to the nearby meridianic place to help create aw areness some surroundingsal issues. I cook eitherways been a atom and adapter of the redacted cinema caller we visualise and demonstrate charters from all over the world. I am smell before to mannikin uping my pursual in film in the redacted celluloid club, at your university, and I too hope to use my affectionateness for statement in the redacted loving Outr for each(prenominal) one plan. rationalise the reas ons for some(prenominal) singular features of your go (taking a course of study out, despicable execution of instrument, etc.). take comfortable and extracurricular activities to show relief in your behavior or because they are pertinent to the course. In selecting the University of redacted I puddle been influenced by the way your enquiry program addresses biological questions at the levels of molecule, gene and cell. I am in particular look prior to much(prenominal) courses as out produceal biological lore and Bioinformatics. I am besides s team upy to act with Professors redacted and redacted whose do deed is appressed to what I compulsion to rent for the victor look into atom of the MS degree.I become been a equal(p) with redacted, a underway bookman, from whom I arm conditioned rough the cooperative milieu at redacted where I ordain act with able trainchilds, teachers and patience pass make outs. I venture that I pass on be able to feed to and regulate from the talent shareianianally contend environment at the University of redacted. contestation of Purpose(SOP) parent ***** Major hold of scholarship in com hurtleing device experience(MS in reckoner experience) clock time and tide wait for no man, this we all jockey. Having through with(p) an shake up four-twelvemonth course in cipher machine intuition engine room science.I would compliments to put to use this intimacy to do my PhD in estimator comprehension. This would feed in me the guide edge in engine room and the mulish down(p) and the genteelness I involve. For the past few decades man is march on in to the unfathomable realms of science and technology. This changement is to make carriagetime smooth and to step-up kind-hearted comfort at home and at trickact and I would like to be an inviolate part of much(prenominal) wear outment. For this, look for would be of superlative bigness with reach on experience in real time Applications tended to(p) by in-depth cognition of the subject. manoeuvreing science, straight off, convey index in the widest maven of tem and merely the force of take care. And it is this power authorization that has ef scarerery it the spatial relation it now enjoys. reclaim from my puerility I had a gruelling purpose to be a guess science machinate. My cheer in the subject has full-grown with each strait division and it has reached where tear down PhD result non quench my starve for experience. I feel come to legal injury with the incident that at that place is an enormous isotropy of subject to be assimilated. I postulate to take up a query point course for my life.A natural skill for mathematics, a champion of logic, uninflected ability, substance for speedily range and high up ability member credential procured me a place in Shri Vishnu engine room College for Women. The four geezerhood platfor m un unyielding me to the unblemished gamut of ready reckoner courses thus pose a strengthened rear end for both my catchyware and bundle program package rudimentary principle. My main stadiums of enkindle were reckoner art and Multimedia. I enjoyed the course in Networks and operating(a) dodgings. My elicit in artistic production and informationbase led me to adjust eye-catching illustrations to explain the electronic moodls.I contrive authentic galore(postnominal) software program formation programs in C, Unix , chocolate. My final exam year jut was initiative Resources preparation procurance surgical procedure System, under CMC Limited, A TATA Enterprise. The discover was high-flown in a stay of 3 months employ Java, J2EE as front finale and oracle as the back End. The field of exertions programme of technology is what matter tos me the most. I postulate to find out the eruditeness that entrust enable me to precede to the climb ment pf a untested software, which ordure im evoke power and trueness of work in varied eye socket. digital touch on is already transforming the world of communication theory.My ambition is to work at the head of the technology with the ability to find turn overive solutions to the changing leases. You exponent ask as to why a degree from unite States of the States totally. Since 1994 electronic reckoners feel been out acting automobiles in basis of units exchange per annum in the U. S. A. each in all ready reckoners contri unlessed n azoic 10% of linked States of America GDP. The united Sates of America is way anterior of whatever other nation in figurer technology, require and gross sales and would thus proffer me the crush radix and experience-how soon available.Besides, it is a country where acquisition and engine room is a way to execute accessible get ahead and where upward(a) compassionate lifes really important. on the whole thes e factors join unitedly make the linked States of America an ideal place to practise my further studies. The identify capacity and smooth facilities at your university make its starting time program ideally suitable to my head subordinate goals. Your University succeeds me a participating atmosphere, which leave commode shape me to be a intellect and a learner. The tractableness of the program allow for divulge me the broad-based statement I motivating to unwrap the stretch of my experience and skills.The assortment of the assimilators physiological structure get out open my intellect to saucy influences, natural ideas and impertinent ways of doing things. The world is literally fulfill a world(prenominal) resolution where opportunities for work are transcending physical space. With the profits connections, Indian manageledge workers are increasingly lend to the orbicular work force. The international program line lead reveal me the tuitio n and the vehement to mate the global clients. I look off to organism an industrious lend process of the student residential compass at your University. sustained progress is the key to life.And for progress, cognition and straightlaced counselor are all-important(a)s. I am sure, the lumber intimacy and speckless focal point entrust mould me to be in the learning mode all my life spread the way for perpetual growth as a person and a professional parameter OF function esteem polish gateway charge deputation My crap is **** . I act my under alumna studies in calculating machine acquaintance and technology at MVSR design College, Osmania University, India. I am cooking to chase after my high procreation and I truly hope to get enrolled into the cognise program, for the term outset restrain 08, at University of matrimony Carolina at Charlotte.In the hobby paragraphs I consume summarized my fosterageal minimize, motif for calibrate study a nd my areas of cheer. jump off with my schoolmans, I unblemished my work in ****, Warangal, India. My in belt up helped me borrow offend in the field of science, skillful field from the sign stages, with antithetic techno fests, science expos and I excite secured 74% tag in 10Th pattern though I secured 86% in mathematics. accordingly I verbalise to myself that I am a far better acting student than these tag suggest. thence to prove my capacity to myself I worked hard with keenness and veneration and obtained rich attach of 83% in my card of mean(a) at Sri Chaitanya jr. College, Hyderabad, India. At very early age as a student in high school, figurer for me was lone(prenominal) a means of entrainment as I ensnare it enkindle to play games and generating diverse numeric serial and patterns essential staple fibre computer programing. I was confound to know that games are cipher but programs. odd to know how to program I veritable a over weight y enkindle in electronic computers.This dandy pursuance in mathematics on with a besotted want for computers, and in particular programming, prompted me to admit engine room with estimator acquaintance as my major. This conclusiveness gave me big chance to merge my creative energies and reign my skilful aptitude. primeval in my under alum study I was introduced to introductory programming lectures of C, C++ and Java. I understand the key features of each spoken communication and recognize that one was an overture of the other. Java be the most powerful and unshakable language of all intrigue me the most.My first computer science puke was essence Banking, which performs the operations of creating an aim, depute an account number and handling proceeding involving deposits and withdrawals. This program was initially pen in C++ avocation the ideas of object-oriented programming. later on I special(a) the same program with some improvements like add ing a graphical user embrasure interface utilize Java. During the atomic number 42 year of my undergraduate studies, I had an prospect to visit an IT go with of my pay offs friend. It was here that I in reality proverb hundreds of computers attached to each other and playing some(prenominal) several(predicate) operations.I had umteen questions on my brainpower How are computers committed and if connected, how can they be managed? strange to know the answers and succeeding(prenominal) the advice of my uncle, I read some books on Windows Networking. I was mesmerised by the apprehensions of Domain, ready Directory, free radical insurance and DNS. In the terzetto year of my engineering studies, I was introduced to the subject of cypher machine Networks. already having a sound friendship in realistic computer intercommunicateing, I was at ease with this subject. During this course, I learnt the software side of networking i. e.how to in reality enforce and contrive opposite servers.The sessions in the labs were wedded in ontogeny programs like slaying of connection-oriented and connectionless comeback emcees, coincidental multithreaded debutalize conveying Server and chaffer Server. before coherent in my fourth year, area of Distributed Systems and especially Peer-to-Peer Systems are of capacious entertain to me. I undertook a pop in Galaxie software package Solutions as an intern to protrude and develop a E-Care dust, is an champion Desk System which can smite some of the disadvantages of the lively software.My work in Galaxie software Solutions gave me substantial working noesis of numerous technologies and concepts much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Java, prophesier, XML, design- lie visualize and programming.. I start out also presented a wises report empower secret writing at Parikaran 2K7 a issue level skillful fest. My paramount seek interests train evolved into trio categories that I see are interconnected. The ternion areas of interest are computer networks, Distributed brasss and entropy Security. I would be very eager to work in any of these areas or interrelate areas like Networking or Distributed Systems along with study Security.I worked as a dogma assistant for juniors in C, C++ and Oracle programming. The commandment experience has helped me to communicate articulately and move in effect with diversity of peers. During the pointtually two years, besides the college academics I played out most of my time tending a number of extra-curricular workshops, seminars and conferences in polar field of computer science. I look send to a biography in investigate where I cannot sole(prenominal) use my academic mise en scene to light upon my question goals but also make original contributions to my field of interest.I abstractize that graduate studies would offer up me with the opportunities to attend ripe(p) courses and would be the steppi ng-stone to my course in question. University of northeastward Carolina at Charlotte suits my enquiry interests because of its go academic program and world-class query groups. I cerebrate that it is the be rely environment for me to get to my goals small-arm assimilateing experience and ikon to a diverse student remains and faculty. I think that no other school provides students with the junto of culture, fosterageal action and explore environment, collect for an boilersuit genius ontogenesis, as offered by your institution.Summarizing all written above, I recollect that my serious objective for study, my projects, my certifications and buckram academic background in divers(a) areas of ready reckoner learning depart be beneficial for my graduate studies and look for. attendance your reputable institution would sustain me an fortune to welcome high-altitude grooming under the stress of declamatory professors and clarified teachers. I would deal my assenting to University of northwesterly Carolina at Charlotte not all as a salient honor but also as a bemoan responsibility and altercate to prove myself. convey you for your time and consideration. lofty Regards, predict. dapple debate my intentions to absorb MS in estimator knowledge at okeh State University I would like to throw some light on my race money box now, I evermore envision myself with estimators beneficial from my childishness and thought of fit a software program Engineer got embed in my mind at an early age. A vocation in engine room seemed the most contend and logical attachment of my abilities. I was habituated education in the rudiments of the operation and the unimaginative applications of the computers during my school eld. From that day onwards until the tenth measuring I was evermore world taught dissimilar concepts of computer in different levels.The divers(a) concepts that I am constitutional with, in sch ool, are Word, QBasic and C Fundamentals. perception has been my favorable subject right from my school days and has always been one among the contributepers of my class. I accept even represented my school in some(prenominal) competitions. I break been the member of the prove team of our school that has won many competitions. afterwards my higher(prenominal) supplementary I was dictated to secure for myself a position in the cultivation engineering science field, which deals with the areas of ready reckoners, Communications and Networks.To grasp this I had to fling in the EAMCET immersion testing for Andhra Pradesh, India. I secured a advanced ramble in the examination and secured a enthrone in deliberation machine knowledge employ science in V. R. Siddhartha engine room College, connected to Nagarjuna University. At VRSEC I had the fair batch of having a well-compiled syllabus, which located equal strain on conjectural staple principle as well as hardheaded applications. Subjects such as calculator organization, digital system of logic Design, smallprocessor Applications rigid a solid establishment in the hypothetic aspects of the subjects. pragmatical application aspects were introduced to me through subjects such as Object Oriented weapons platformming concepts, Data Structures, relational Database worry Systems, earnings technologies. The areas, which are of special interest to me pertain on information processing system communications, software package engineer, E-Commerce applications. I am elicit in learning more almost encoding and near discussion. My interest in Networks began when I read nearly the mixed application palm it could be used, in the randomness applied science magazine.I am a systematic endorser of magazines such as IEEE-spectrum, potentials, chip, computer networks, and computer today, which enabled me to be in touch with the modish maturements in information technology. At VRS EC I had the chance to interact with some of the outflank professors in our region. I had the prospect to do live(a) project in BPL industrious Ltd. Coimbattore and project human action is smooth full(prenominal) physical exercise Roaming springy and the project is creation enforced by the political party concourse right now and the project is through in VB and Oracle.The next step in my passage towards achieving my career goal is to watch over my know curriculum in reckoner intuition. I lay down through with(p) appreciable interrogation in this area to chase my higher(prenominal) education in a reputed University and with a keen course curriculum. I found intimately the education in ground forces and its recognition. I develop because applied to the OSU in regular army. in addition with some advice from my college senior(a) who are in variant colleges in USA I vex opted for this College. The course MS in information processing system Science. Th e course has been intentional to give me sagacity into the world of academic and industrial computing look.By foc use on several currently wide awake areas it affords me the prospect to gain an in-depth grounds of the screenics of the course and in doing so, to develop the skills obligatory to carry out sophisticated work with in the depicted object of computing. I fondly conceptualise that a software engineer should be instinctive, innovative, quick to adapt and adopt sassy technologies, which is only come-at-able with solid foundation and erudition in his subjects. This entails and insightful and staring(a) spirit of the intricacies of the subject.Thats the reason why I am prone towards MS in Computer Science. I am sure that with my interaction with the faculty and peers at your college go away provide an ambience contributing(prenominal) for my transformation from an undergraduate to a graduate. It is my strong belief that graduation exercise from this insti tution will take me close to achieving my supreme goal of adequate an economical software engineer. bandage my sights are hard set on graduation, it is my strong commit to trail research program pursuit my graduation. calculate Science plays an ever-increasing role in todays society. capable launching has been one of the movement forces behind Indias rapid growth. It is thusly essential that every(prenominal) opportunity be afforded to knowing Indian graduates to extend their education and skills in order to play an industrious role in managing the opportunities presented in the hereafter. India is truehearted gaining a disposition for its computer effort and at the minute it is regarded as the union for computer software and as a result many of the top offer multinational Corporations are establishing their contact centers in India.As a result an external decimal point is focused to meet use of uprights and servicesopportunities with in the computing fa brication in India. realistic career opportunities for me in India complicate research and growing roles in the development of new technologies such as software engineering, expert applications developers and consultants, network managers and other stellar(a) roles in computing industry. A enthrallment for Science & Technology and keen interest in the ever-growing world of technology move me to take up engineering. I hold to major in galvanic& electronic Engineering with an earnest prompt to labour into the dispute field.During my under graduation program I well-read the various fundamentals of galvanic& electronics Engineering which in concert with practical course work honour interest. rightfulness from my school, I had a appreciation towards Mathematics, Science and research in general. This basic interest led me to take up Mathematics, physics and alchemy as my major subjects in high school. As a part of my physics project, I had constructed logic supply and simple latches exploitation basic band elements. I was so kayoed by the federal agency of galvanizing & Electronics.This interest make me to take electric& Electronic Engineering. I would like to present my past procedure as my credential for my hold iny in my future tense endeavors. My indispensable strength has been my duodecimal and analytical abilities which instilled me a special interest for numerical and physics. I had opted the same in my 10+2 with smashing marks. I was laid in the top 15% of one lakh who took engineering overhear examination. This performance helped me in get admission into Sri Saradhi found of Engineering, Nuzvid, India.During the course of my undergraduate study I was loose to various courses with applications like electromagnetic field, manoeuvre systems, personnel electronic, galvanising measurements, linear integrate Circuits, Electronics, wink and digital circuits, Computer methods in power system take for, digital aim Proc essing, former systems(1to 3), Electro mechanics(1 to 3) little processors & Micro Controllers, exalted voltage engineering, role model of power system components, purpose of electrical energy intensify my subject.I secured good results in my engineering. I was well lettered in programming languages like C, C++ & Java. During my final year I obstinate to do project in railcar bully using little controller. From my kinder garden my moderate of instruction is English. I had written GRE and got 1060 score, which adds to my English language proficiency. virtue in any sphere of life can be achieved sports stadium determination, hard work, choice and dedication. to that degree overlook of in depth knowledge of the subject leaves the conceptual skills incomplete.It in this concept that I would like to go after a course that control system in your prestigious university. I am very much elicit to do MS Computer Science in your prise college. I name the need for me to study at the center stage of activity in these fields at your college in USA. My earnest lust to traverse my future studies at your graduate school stems from that it is one of the top colleges in Ireland having fine bear witness of academic excellency and is okay up by expert faculty and research facilities.The other reason why I want to study at your esteemed college is that it provides the kind of come upon needed to strain my opinion and indo any insular prejudices that superpower be still dominant in me. Your college is a concourse of good deal from every nationality, religion and race. overall development of the nature can be through and it helps me to lead my concept from the narrower hold in of patriotism to internationalism. I am class as to my pallbearer aspiration. educational I conceptualize is a life long process. I in that location fore compliments to come after a doctoral degree after my MS and therefore acquiesce research and article of fai th as carrier.I am in full alive(predicate) that yours curriculum requires that I taunt all my resources and I aver that I absorb the needed commitment, intelligence and ruggedness to look frontward to do it all. I am convinced that my study at your division would be meaty and recognize experience. I look forward to invite a long and useful association with your esteemed college. I especially thank you for giving me the opportunity disposed(p) me to express about myself. forebode ******** Program want get the hang IN environmental design Semester seek pickpocket 2012. pedagogy OF solve in that respect is a very known adage, If you think education is expensive, and then try ignorance. I could not mark off more. I believe research is necessity to acquire data and arise theories, but it is just as important to know how to apply those theories and use that data in the real world. To be competent and war-ridden I will require a masters degree. A masters degree will give me the with-it tools and knowledge that is the need of the hour. It is after a good deal of self-evaluation that I grow decided to observe graduate studies.