What are four dimensions of social responsibilityWhat impact do they Essay

What are four dimensions of social responsibilityWhat impact do they have on marketing decisions - Essay Example to economic development while improving the quality of life of the work force and their family as well as the community and society at large†Ã‚  (cited in Sims, 2003). Again, Wartick and Cochran frames CSR as â€Å"a business organization’s configuration of principles of social responsibility, processes of social responsiveness, and policies, programs, and observable outcomes as they relate to the firm’s societal relationships†(Wartick and Cochran, 1985). CSR is however the most aptly defined by the World Business Council as â€Å"The continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large† (Holme and Watts, The World Business Council for Sustainable Development). One idea comes out very clearly from the above definitions, and that is, CSR is a duty to be performed by corporations towards all its stakeholders, and not simply the shareholders. CSR can be divided into 4 basic dimensions. These are The four afore-mentioned dimensions form the pyramid of social responsibilities, and are referred to as the Carroll’s CSR pyramid. As Carroll himself frames it â€Å"corporate social responsibility involves the conduct of a business so that it is economically profitable, law abiding, ethical and socially supportive. To be socially responsible then means that profitability and obedience to the law are foremost conditions when discussing the firm’s ethics and the extent to which it supports the society in which it exists with contributions of money, time and talent† (Carroll, 1983, p.608). At the very base is the economic dimension that forms the foundation for all the other aspects. Next, above the economic dimension, comes the legal aspect, where the mantra is to follow and play strictly by the rules of the game. The law clearly demarcates what is right and what is wrong, and the legal dimension simply

International Finance Course project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Finance Course project - Essay Example This write-up will look into among other things, the motivation behind the introduction of the URR, Impact of URR provision on the exchange rate of Thai Baht, impact of URR on Thai financial markets and finally impact of URR on neighboring financial markets such as Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Korea. Motivation behind introducing the URR provision The motivation, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand (2008) was the need to â€Å"deter short-term capital inflows.† Simply put, the Unremunerated Reserve Requirement was motivated by the need to discourage people; particularly investors from undertaking short-term investments that only bring about short-term capital inflows. The Deardorffs' Glossary of International Economics (2010) notes that short-term capital flows are â€Å"of interest because such capital flows are likely to be very liquid and therefore easily reversed and sources of instability in exchange markets.† This is to say tha t the Thai government was motivated by the need to ensure that investments undertaken in the country through the country's banks and other financial institution were going to be long-term and trustworthy for solid future benefits. This is because short-term investments hardly yield any fruitful benefits for the growth of the country's economy. Impact of URR provision on the exchange rate of Thai Baht with other major currencies such as US$ and local currencies The Unremunerated Reserve Requirement is believed to impact on the exchange rate of the Thai Baht by ensuring stability and growth of the currency as against other major currencies. This is because as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand, (2008) notes, the URR will lessen the pressure of Baht speculation rather become instrumental in â€Å"ensuring the Baht stability and its movement more in line with regional currencies.† Such stability against major currencies is assured because there would no longer b e extreme volatility of the Thai Baht: a situation that causes long term economic instability (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand, 2008). The stability of the currency would also be achieved because the Bank of Thailand will â€Å"buy up the incoming dollars and other major currencies† (Bangkok Post, 2010). As a matter of fact, the growth of the currency of any country is of prime interest to the economic and finance planners of that country. This is because with the growth of a particular country's currency, investors and business personnels in that country are put in a better position to competing in global and international trade without fear of rampant foreign exchange rates. The government on the whole also benefits because it is put in a better position to compete globally and economic growth and stability is assured. For instance with a very stable currency, the government is not put in a position where it has to spend so much local currency in a bid to u ndertake foreign trade because of the weak value of the government's trading currency. It is against this background that the government introduced the Unremunerated Reserve Requirement. In two Graphs below represents the monthly exchange rate for the years 2005 when the URR was not in force and 2011 after the URR had been in force. Figure 1: 2005 Average Monthly Exchange Rate for US Dollar Against the Thai Baht from January to

Hard Bob, Funky, Gospel Jazz Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hard Bob, Funky, Gospel Jazz Music - Essay Example Generally, however, Gospel Music themes covered areas of Christian religious worship, praise and thanksgiving to the Holy Trinity. There were several main characteristic of Black Gospel Music that distinguished it from other Gospels. Throughout the years since its development, many artists have also sprung and they not only contributed to its development, but took this particular subgenre into the next level. Black Gospel, also called Urban Contemporary Gospel, like the mainstream genre it belonged to, sought to express the collective Christian beliefs of the community. It was deemed the Christianized version of the mainstream modern music of the earlier half of the 20th century. Though the themes were somewhat fixed, the main characteristics of this subgenre changed throughout the years. Tempo and beat often differed according to the taste of the artists and the particular music era they belonged to. For instance, in the early years of its conception (1920s-1940s), Thomas A. Dorsey, the â€Å"Father of Gospel Music, along with pioneer singers Willie Mae Ford Smith and Sallie Martin, popularized Black Gospel by mixing elements of Blues or Spirituals with the Christian religious experience (Petrie). With â€Å"happiness† as the prime element in testifying a religious experience, there was a good deal of dancing (mainly employing the Boogie-Woogie style to the accompaniment of Jazz instruments). In the 1930s, the religiosity of Gospel Music mingled with political and social commentaries as popularized by male groups called quartets, who usually sang A Cappella and in jubilee style. Unlike the less lively hymns of the 20s, groups such as the Soul Stirrers and the Golden Gate Quartet blended more melodies in their songs, giving them a playful rhythm as well as more social significance (i.e. background music for the civil rights movement) (Petrie; Warner 35-6). The 30s also saw the rise of creative Gospel singers like Sister Rosetta

How Monetary and Fiscal Policies were Implemented during the Recession Essay

How Monetary and Fiscal Policies were Implemented during the Recession - Essay Example In order to curb this, the government of the United States, and the international monetary fund, took some micro and macroeconomic measures to curb this trend, which led to a great economic down turn. This was achieved by using some monetary and fiscal policies. The monetary process is the process through which the central bank and other money rendering institutions of a country controls the supply of money, the availability of money and the cost of money or the interest rate so that they can achieve a certain common objective. These objectives are done towards the growth and stability of the economy. The monetary policies can be either the contractionary or the expansionary objective. The aim of the expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy, while the contractionary policies decrease the supply of money in the economy. ... It is the mandate of the federal reserve of the United States to enact the monetary policies. Board of governors runs the Federal Reserve. The factors, which they considered and applied to curb inflationary tendencies, are the reserve requirements, discount rate, open market operations, and printing money. Most banks in many countries changed the reserve requirements to encourage more banks to start in order to increases the amount of money circulating in the economy. The central banks of these countries have the authority to change the amount that banks should hold in the central bank so that they can be given the right to operate. In the US, the Federal Reserve has the supremacy to set the quantity of the deposits that the associate banks can deposit in order to be given the mandate to operate. To curb the recession, the FED decreased the amount of reserve deposits. The motive was to encourage more investors in the banking industry therefore increasing the amount of money circulati ng in the economy. This monetary objective achieved its goal since more banks had more money at hand, which increased spending, and possibly inflation (East Tennessee State University web). The other monetary policy used was the discount rate. Discount rate is the discount on the rate of interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges on the banks on the money that they borrow from the Federal Reserve. The central banks decreased or lowered the discount rate during recession. Their objective was to encourage the banks to borrow money from the central banks at a lower rate to increase the amount of money circulating in the economy. This would in turn encourage

Urban Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Urban Planning - Research Paper Example The construction of condominium will make public accessibility to the beach remote because of the protected entry gates, by guards; only condominium residents will have access to it. Moreover the construction on public area of the beach will create ambiguities in general public minds. The construction of condominium will create problems for the City Council and Condominium builders as immense public pressure will rise. The current proposal of the condominium suggests that problems for general public, tax collectors, city council and builders will be seen in the coming days therefore strategic planning in this regard is imperative and essential. PEST analysis is one of the best ways to analyze the prevalent scenario. The political environment of the area is in favor of the construction of North Avenue Beach House Condos. The Mayor of the city is in favor of the construction however political rivals will sooner know about inaccessible public access to the beach and chaos in the city will emerge. The political rivalry of the city needs issue to appear to mobilize masses and this will be the best issue to do politics. The strategic planning of North Avenue Beach House Condos construction can be done in such a way that passage for public accessibility to the beach must be ensured. Changes in the proposed plan are indispensible as there are many quotations which will create problems for condominium to build and operate. The front area of the lake will be shortened due to the construction and people love to visit the spot. Facilitating general public in such a way that they would be cherished by this construction is important. The design of the condominium must be curtailed in this regard. Tenants’ facilitation must be done resourcefully as while the construction takes place; they should be given some other working option. The North Avenue Beach House Condos will be bringing

Effective Management of Suppliers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Effective Management of Suppliers - Assignment Example The inaccuracies in bidding can be costly to the respondent or lead to losses to the tendering firm. Introduction and Articulation of the problem A tender is handled as an offer to perform some work for a certain sum of money (firm price), or a certain quantity of benefit (cost plus or cost reimbursement). The tender which is presented by the competing companies is usually based on an invoice of amounts, an invoice of estimated quantities or other requirements which allow the tenders to obtain greater degrees of accuracy or precision which is known as the statement of work. The tendering procedure is widely used in both the public and private sector for the purchase of products or services often referred to as the procurement process. Both the respondent and the tendering party need to be careful of guaranteeing the precision of the certification interchanged and claims made during the tendering and procurement procedure. Where a declaration is found to be incorrect or deceiving, a wide and common legal disclaimer as to the precision of the declaration will be inadequate to get over such a finding. The exchange of information, in the tendering procedures, especially in the viewpoint of discussing and identifying costs will be appropriate in an evaluation of the issues where a following claim of deceptive and misleading conduct occurs in regards to the original documentation of the tender. The choice in tendering demonstrates the significance of guaranteeing the precision and completeness of details included in tender records and otherwise offered during a tendering procedure as well as representations made during that procedure. The attention of this requirement has often existed for the concerned individuals planning the proposal but organisations using the process of tendering to entice providers need to also be cautious in guaranteeing the details they provide to prospective bidders at the pre-contract level and during the process of tendering is not dec eiving in any way. Accuracy in the bidding process should be upheld because the work may be overvalued leading to the party offering the work paying more for the job while they could have incurred lesser costs. The tender may also be valued at a lower price than it should leading to the firm offering the job incur losses or make insignificantly small profit. Besides pricing, there is need for accuracy when specifying the time you will take to complete the tendered job. Accurately setting a date will mean that there will be ease in meeting the specified deadline. Literature review An estimate can be precise, low or great. A precise estimate usually results in the most cost-effective project price. In cases of either an underestimation or an overestimation, it often results in higher actual expenses. According to Aibinu and Pasco (2008), causes of inaccurate estimates in the project may occur from two places: prejudice linked with the project itself and prejudice associated with the c alculation methods used and the working environment Preparing the cost estimate of the work is one of the most challenging tasks in managing a project because it has to be done before the accomplishment of the project (Oberlender 1993). Estimation of the price of establishing projects requires extensive skills and knowledge. Because of insufficient design details in the early stages of the design, it is particularly hard for quantity surveyors to arrive at an accurate price estimate. A

Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice System - Essay Example One of the issues facing the justice system is the existence of a gap in terms of punishment to adolescent offenders, especially for extreme crimes such as murder. Scott and Steinberg argue that the adolescent cannot be punished as a juvenile delinquent as for this may be too lenient while punishing the adolescent as an adult maybe also be too harsh. The justice system is then faced with a difficult decision as both of these punishments is seems inappropriate. For example, in a recent case of Graham versus Florida, Graham, 16 years old was found to have violated his probation terms by committing other crime. In the hearing, the court found Graham culpable of the previous charges, revoked his probation and sentenced him to life imprisonment without an option of parole. In this case, the first ruling seems quite lenient in that the offender does not reform or cease to engage in criminal behavior but in fact seems to increase his engagement in crime. The second ruling of life imprisonme nt without parole seems to be too severe considering his was a non-homicidal crime and regarding his age, he would spend most of his life in prison. The fact that there is no national consensus on the punishment of criminal offenders between the ages of 14 and 18 years presents another challenge to the justice system in the US. For example, in the case of Roper versus Simmons, Simmons had planned and committed a murder at the age of seventeen. Such a violent crime cannot go unpunished. At the age of eighteen, he was sentenced to death which is the punishment for adults. Whilst the evidence presented was overwhelming, the fact that he committed the crime while he was still seventeen did influence the reduction of his sentence from a death penalty to life imprisonment.